Khuluma “ngokugijima nokuvuza” kwamavalvu

Enye, ii-valveukuvuza, izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvuza komusi.

1. Wonke ama-valve kufanele ahlolwe nge-hydraulic yamabanga ahlukene ngemva kokungena efekthri.

2. Kudingekile ukuhlakaza nokulungisa i-valve kufanele ibe phansi.

3. Ngesikhathi sokulungisa ngokweqile, hlola ukuthi ukugoqa kuyengezwa yini futhi indlala yokugoqa iyaqiniswa.

I-valve engu-4 ngaphambi kokufakwa kufanele ihlole ukuthi alukho yini uthuli, isihlabathi, i-iron oxide nezinye izinsalela ngaphakathi kwe-valve.Uma i-sundries engenhla kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokufakwa.

5. Wonke ama-valve kufanele afakwe ama-gaskets ebanga elihambisanayo ngaphambi kokufakwa.

6. Qinisa ama-fasteners lapho ufaka iminyango ye-flange, futhi uqinise amabhawodi e-flange ekuqondeni kwe-symmetrical.

7. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-valve, wonke ama-valve kufanele afakwe ngendlela efanele ngokuvumelana nesistimu nokucindezela, futhi ukufakwa okungahleliwe nokuxubile kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile.Ngale njongo, wonke ama-valve kufanele abalwe futhi aqoshwe ngokuvumelana nesistimu ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Okwesibili, ekuvimbeleni izindlela zokuvuza kwamalahle.

1. Wonke ama-flange kufanele afakwe nezinto zokuvala.

2. Izindawo ezisengozini yokuvuza kwempushana amavalvu amalahle okungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ezigayweni zamalahle, izifunzo zamalahle, ama-flange abakhiqizi, nazo zonke izingxenye ezixhumene nama-flange.Ngakho-ke, sizokwenza ukuhlola okuphelele ezingxenyeni zabo bonke abakhiqizi abangase zivuze impushana.Uma ingekho into yokuvala, sizokwenza ukufakwa kabusha kwesibili futhi siqinise izibophelelo.

3. Isimo sokuvuza kwempushana singase senzeke ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-welding yepayipi yamalahle ehlutshiwe, sizothatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo.

3.1 Ngaphambi kwejoyinti lokushisela, indawo ehlangene yokushisela kufanele ipholishwe ngokucophelela ibe yinsimbi ecwebezelayo futhi ipholishelwe endaweni yokushisela edingekayo.

3.2 Igebe lokumatanisa kufanele ligcinwe ngaphambi kokumatanisa, futhi kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuphoqa ukufanisa.

3.3 Izinto zokushisela kufanele zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, futhi kufanele zishiswe ngaphambili njengoba kudingeka lapho kubanda.

Okwesithathu, ukuvuza kwesistimu kawoyela, ukusebenza kukawoyela nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela.

1. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza kahle ukuvuza kanye nokusebenza kukawoyela wesistimu kawoyela.

2. Hlola futhi uhlanze uhlelo ngethangi lokugcina uwoyela ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufakwa.

3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydraulic kufanele kwenziwe emishinini enezipholile zikawoyela.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydraulic kanye nomsebenzi wokukhetha kufanele futhi wenziwe ohlelweni lwamapayipi kawoyela.

5. Enqubweni yokufakwa kwepayipi likawoyela, wonke amalunga e-flange noma amalunga aphilayo anebhande likasilika kufanele afakwe iphedi lenjoloba elimelana nowoyela noma iphedi ye-asbestos emelana nowoyela.

6. Iphuzu lokuvuza lesistimu kawoyela ligxile kakhulu ku-flange kanye ne-threaded live joint, ngakho-ke ama-bolts kufanele aqiniswe ngokulinganayo lapho ufaka i-flange.Vimbela ukuvuza noma ukuqina okuxekethile.

7. Enkambweni yokuhlunga amafutha, izisebenzi zokwakha kufanele zihlale zinamathele ezigxotsheni zazo, futhi zivinjelwe ngokuphelele ukususa noma ukuwela izigxobo.

8. Isihlungi samafutha kufanele simiswe ngaphambi kokufaka esikhundleni sephepha lesihlungi samafutha.

9. Uma ufaka ipayipi lesikhashana lokuxhuma isihlungi sikawoyela (ipayipi lepulasitiki elibonisa amandla aphezulu), ukuhlanganyela kufanele kuboshwe ngokuqinile ngocingo lomthofu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwenzeka kwamafutha aphunyukayo ngemva kokuba isihlungi sikawoyela sisebenza isikhathi eside.

10. Thumela izisebenzi zokwakha ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ukuze zinakekele umsebenzi wesihlungi sikawoyela.

11. Ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lukawoyela asizayo luqale umjikelezo kawoyela, umnyango wonjiniyela uhlela izisebenzi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo womjikelezo kawoyela osizayo ukuze zenze ukudalulwa okuningiliziwe kobuchwepheshe.

Iv.Vimbela amabhamuza, ukubhuquza, ukuconsa nokuvuza ekuhlanganisweni kwemishini kanye nezixhumi zamapayipi.Kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:

1. Izinsimbi ezisongayo zisetshenziselwa ama-gaskets e-flange angaphezu kuka-2.5mpa.

2, 1.0Mpa-2.5mpa ama-flange gaskets, ama-asbestos gaskets, futhi ambozwe ngempushana eholayo emnyama.

3, ngaphansi kuka-1.0mpa ipayipi lamanzi elinephedi lokuvala elinephedi yenjoloba, futhi elimbozwe ngempushana eholayo emnyama.

4, ikhoyili yepompo yamanzi yenziwe nge-PTFE fibre composite coil.

5. Ngengxenye yokuvala yentuthu namapayipi amalahle omoya, intambo ye-asbestos iyasonteka futhi yengezwe endaweni ehlangene ngesikhathi.Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuqinisa izikulufu ngemuva kokujoyina okuqinile.

Eyesihlanu, ukuqeda ukuvuza valve has izinyathelo ezilandelayoUkuvuza kwe-valve kufanele senze lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo)

1. Ukuqwashisa ngekhwalithi enhle kufanele kumiswe ukuze kufakwe futhi kwakhiwe amapayipi, futhi ishidi le-oxide kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi kufanele kuhlanzwe ngokuqaphela, kungashiyi lutho futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi udonga lwangaphakathi lwepayipi luhlanzekile.

2. Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi u-100% wamavalvu angena endaweni kufanele abe ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic.

3. Ukugaya i-valve kufanele kwenziwe ngokungathí sina.Wonke ama-valve (ngaphandle kwama-valve angenisiwe) kufanele athunyelwe ethimbeni lokugaya ukuze lihlolwe ukuhlakazeka, ukugaywa kanye nokugcinwa, kanye nokufezekiswa kwesibopho, ukurekhoda ngokuqaphela nokuhlonza, okulula ukulandelela emuva.Amavalvu abalulekile kufanele abhale imininingwane yokwamukelwa okwesibili, ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo "zokunyathela, ukuhlola nokurekhoda".

4. I-boiler yokuqala yomnyango wokungena kwamanzi kanye nomnyango wokukhipha kufanele kunqunywe kusengaphambili.Lawa ma-valve kuphela avunyelwe ukuvula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, kanti amanye ama-valve awavunyelwe ukuvula ngokuthanda kwakhe, ukuze avikele umgogodla we-valve.

5. Uma ipayipi lishaywa, livule futhi ulivale ngobumnene ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ku-spool.

Uma ivuza, siyini isizathu?

(1) ukuthintana phakathi kwezingxenye zokuvula nokuvala kanye nendawo yokuvala yesihlalo sevalvu;

(2) ukupakisha kanye nesiqu nokupakisha ukufanisa amabhokisi;

(3) ukuxhumana phakathi komzimba wevalvu kanye nesembozo sevalvu

Okunye ukuvuza kwangaphambili kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuxega, kuzophazamisa ikhono le-valve ukusika i-medium.Ukuvuza okubili kokugcina kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuza kwangaphandle, okungukuthi, ukuvuza kwemidiya kusuka kuvalvu kuya kuvalvu ngaphandle.Ukuvuza kuzodala ukulahleka kwempahla, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, okungathí sina nakho kuzodala izingozi.

Ukuwa endaweni yangempela, ukuhlaziywa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi ngokuvamile:

Amavavu anendinganiso yokuvuza yangaphakathi evumelekile ngokwezinga lawo, ingcindezi yokuhluka kwesistimu, nemidiya yesistimu.Ngomqondo oqinile, i-valve yokuvuza yeqiniso ethi '0′ ayikho.Ngokuvamile, ama-valve embulunga yobubanzi obuncane kulula ukuzuza ukuvuza okungabonakali (hhayi ukuvuza okungu-zero), kuyilapho ama-valve amakhulu obubanzi besango kunzima ukuzuza ukuvuza okungabonakali.Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-valve, okokuqala, kufanele sizame ukuqonda ukuvuza kwangaphakathi okuqondile, sibheke amazinga okuvuza kwe-valve, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwenzeka lapho indawo yokusebenza yesistimu nezinye izici zokuhlaziya okuphelele, ukuze kulungiswe kahle. gweba ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-valve.

(1) Inkinga yangaphakathi yokuvuza kwevalvu yesango elihambisanayo.

Umgomo wokusebenza we-valve yesango elihambisanayo ukuncika ekucindezelweni okuhlukile kwesistimu ukuya ohlangothini lokuphuma kwe-spool kanye nokucindezela kwendawo yokuvala isihlalo, esimweni sokucindezela kwesistimu ephansi kakhulu, kungase kube khona into encane yokuvuza yangaphakathi ngemva kwe-valve. .Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza kwangaphakathi okunjalo, kunconywa ukuthi uqhubeke nokubheka futhi uhlole ukuvalwa kwe-valve lapho ukucindezela kokungena kwesistimu kufinyelela ukucindezela kokuklama noma ukucindezela okuvamile kokusebenza.Uma kukhona ukuvuza ngokweqile, kufanele kuhlakazwe futhi kugaywe indawo yokuvala ye-valve.

(2) ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-valve ye-wedge.

Ngezinye izikhathi kungenxa yemodi yokulawula i-valve ehlukene, ngoba umakhi lapho ukhetha ukuklama, isiqu esihambisanayo kanye ne-stem nut amandla omklamo akazange acabangele imodi yokulawula i-torque, futhi usebenzisa imodi yokulawula i-stroke, uma ephoqeleka ukuba ahambe. imodi yokulawula indawo evaliwe yokulawula i-torque, ingabangela umonakalo ku-valve stem nut, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwekhanda likagesi lapho livuliwe kanye ne-alamu yokuvula iphutha le-torque.Endabeni yokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwale valve, ivamise ukuvalwa ngesandla ngemva kokuvalwa kukagesi, bese ivalwa.Uma kusekhona ukuvuza kwangaphakathi ngemuva kokuvalwa kwesandla, kubonisa ukuthi indawo yokuvala i-valve inenkinga, bese idinga ukuhlakazwa kanye nomhlabathi.

(3) ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-valve yokuhlola.

Ukuvalwa kwe-valve yokuhlola nakho kuncike ekuhlukeni kwengcindezi yesistimu, lapho ingcindezi yokungena ye-valve yokuhlola iphansi kakhulu, ingcindezi yokuphuma nayo izoba nokukhuphuka kancane, khona-ke kufanele ihlaziywe yizici ezihlukahlukene, inqume ukuvuza kwangaphakathi. , ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo sokunquma ukuthi uthathe umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokomzimba.

(4) Ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-disc valve enkulu yobubanzi.

Izinga lokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwe-disc valve enkulu yobubanzi ngokuvamile likhulu kakhulu.Lapho ingcindezi yokungena ikhuphuka, ingcindezi yokuphuma nayo izokhula.Kule nkinga, ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kufanele kwahlulelwe kuqala, futhi isinqumo sokuthi ukulungiswa noma cha kufanele kwenziwe ngokusho kokuvuza kwangaphakathi.

(5) ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu elawulayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi indlela ye-valve elawulayo ihlukile, izinga lokuvuza kwangaphakathi alifani, ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-valve elawulayo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngendlela yokulawula ukushaya, (hhayi ukusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-torque), ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kukhona ngaphakathi. ukuvuza okwenzekayo.Inkinga yokuvuza yangaphakathi ye-valve elawulayo kufanele iphathwe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi i-valve elawulayo enezidingo ezikhethekile zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kufanele icatshangelwe ekuklanyeni nasekukhiqizeni.Kuningi ukungqubuzana okunjalo ku-XX Nuclear Power Plant.Ama-valve amaningi aphoqeleka ukuba ashintshwe ekulawuleni i-torque, okulimaza umsebenzi we-valve yokulawula.

Ukucacisa kabanzi:

(1) Ukukhethwa kwempahla engalungile kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi ze-valve, ubulukhuni obanele, kulula ukulinyazwa uketshezi olunesivinini esikhulu.

(2) Ngenxa yomkhawulo wesakhiwo se-valve, uketshezi oludlula ku-valve yamandla (isivinini) alusebenzi kahle, amandla okuguga anomthelela endaweni yokuvala;Ijubane elidlulele liholela ekucindezelweni okuncane kakhulu ngemuva kwe-valve, ephansi kunengcindezi ye-saturation, okuholela ku-cavitation.Enqubweni ye-cavitation, wonke amandla lapho ibhamuza liqhuma ligxila endaweni yokuphuka, okuholela ezinkulungwaneni zama-Newtons amandla omthelela, futhi ukucindezela kwegagasi lokushaqeka kuphezulu njenge-2 × 103Mpa, edlula kakhulu umkhawulo wokuhluleka kokukhathala. izinto zensimbi ezikhona.Amadiski aqinile kakhulu nezihlalo nakho kungalimala futhi kuvuze ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

(3)I-valve isebenza endaweni encane yokuvula isikhathi eside, izinga lokugeleza liphezulu kakhulu, amandla okuthinta makhulu, futhi izingxenye zangaphakathi zevalvu zilimala kalula.